Biological hazards that cause disease are considered what?

• A. Biological Agents
• B. Etiological Hazards
• C. Infectious Substances
• D. Toxin Hazards

Answer: (B)

Biological hazards that cause disease are etiological hazards. Etiology is the study of what causes a disease, so labeling a hazard as etiological highlights its role as a factor that brings about illness. This broad phrase covers the actual causes, whether they’re infectious agents like microbes or other disease-causing factors such as toxins, and it keeps the focus on the causal relationship rather than just labeling something as “biological” or “infectious.” A broader term like biological agents is too general, while infectious substances describe materials that can cause infection, not every disease-causing scenario. Toxin hazards specify a subset of causes, but etiological hazards capture the full concept of disease causation.